Soil is generally classified on the basis of colour and texture.
Alluvial soil: It is found over a large part of India. It is mainly formed by the deposition o of sediments by river and is confined to e northern and coastal plains.,This type of soil is very fertile and forms major agricultural land of our country.,
Black soil: It is found in Deccan plateau. This type of soil is confined to some parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka. This soil has an ability to retain moisture and become sticky when wet., It is largely used for growing cotton and thus, is popularly. f known as cotton soil.
Red soil: As the name suggests, this soil is red in colour due to the of iron.particles, Red soil is confined to peninsular India and some patches of north-eastern parts of India. It is highly porous, fine grained and deep
Laterite soil: It is found over the hill slopes of peninsular plateau. The laterite soil is found in the regions of heavy rainfall. It is formed by the leaching process.
Apart from these four types, there are desert and mountain soils. They are found in their respective regions.
Removal of the top layer of soil is called soil erosion. We must understand that soil erosion is a serious problem affecting land all over the world. In certain areas, the soil erosion has become a menace which causes decline in the crop yield. This is happening due to wrong human practices like cutting of trees, overgrazing by animals, besides many other reasons. Soil erosion needs to be checked through appropriate measures of soil conservation, such as plantation of trees, selective agricultural practices like crop rotation and multiple cropping method, development and management of pasture land. We need mass awareness and adoption of these practices at local level.
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